Reader Case Examine: Plasterer and Social Employee in Manitoba Plan for a Child

Sam and Riley are a married couple residing in Winnipeg, Manitoba in Canada together with their canine Bisky and two cats, Theodore and Greta. Sam works as a plasterer and Riley is a social employee at an area faculty. The couple, each age 36, hope to have a toddler quickly and are questioning methods to stability that new monetary accountability alongside their present objectives of ending up a Masters of Social Work (Riley) and altering careers to develop into a sprinkler fitter (Sam).

Moreover, they purchased their first dwelling in June 2022 and are nonetheless settling into the realities–and bills–of dwelling possession. Sam wrote that they really feel like lots of issues are up within the air in the meanwhile and mentioned, “We’ve got so many concepts for ourselves however need assistance creating plans to execute them. We need to do all this stuff as quickly as doable to extend our incomes, pensions, and employment choices, whereas additionally having a toddler quickly as we’re each already 36 and feeling the strain on that entrance too.” Be a part of me in my one hundredth Case Examine at present as we assist Riley and Sam plan for his or her future!

A notice on pronouns: Sam makes use of he/him pronouns and Riley makes use of they/them.

What’s a Reader Case Examine?

Case Research deal with monetary and life dilemmas that readers of Frugalwoods ship in requesting recommendation. Then, we (that’d be me and YOU, expensive reader) learn by their scenario and supply recommendation, encouragement, perception and suggestions within the feedback part.

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The Purpose Of Reader Case Research

Reader Case Research spotlight a various vary of economic conditions, ages, ethnicities, areas, objectives, careers, incomes, household compositions and extra!

The Case Examine sequence started in 2016 and, thus far, there’ve been 99 Case Research. I’ve featured people with annual incomes starting from $17k to $200k+ and internet worths starting from -$300k to $2.9M+.

I’ve featured single, married, partnered, divorced, child-filled and child-free households. I’ve featured homosexual, straight, queer, bisexual and polyamorous folks. I’ve featured ladies, non-binary people and males. I’ve featured transgender and cisgender folks. I’ve had cat folks and canine folks. I’ve featured people from the US, Australia, Canada, England, South Africa, Spain, Finland, the Netherlands, Germany and France. I’ve featured folks with PhDs and folks with highschool diplomas. I’ve featured folks of their early 20’s and folks of their late 60’s. I’ve featured people who dwell on farms and folk who dwell in New York Metropolis.

Reader Case Examine Pointers

I most likely don’t have to say the next since you all are the kindest, most well mannered commenters on the web, however please notice that Frugalwoods is a judgement-free zone the place we endeavor to assist each other, not condemn.

There’s no room for rudeness right here. The objective is to create a supportive atmosphere the place all of us acknowledge we’re human, we’re flawed, however we select to be right here collectively, workshopping our cash and our lives with optimistic, proactive recommendations and concepts.

And a disclaimer that I’m not a educated monetary skilled and I encourage folks to not make severe monetary selections based mostly solely on what one particular person on the web advises. 

I encourage everybody to do their very own analysis to find out the most effective plan of action for his or her funds. I’m not a monetary advisor and I’m not your monetary advisor.

With that I’ll let Sam and Riley, at present’s Case Examine topic, take it from right here!

Sam and Riley’s Story

Good day, I’m Sam, I’m 36 and I dwell with my partner Riley (additionally 36) in Winnipeg, Manitoba in Canada. I used to be a chef and restaurant proprietor till 2019 after I got here to the laborious realization that I couldn’t proceed in that business any longer and made the change to develop into a plasterer. Plastering was meant to be an in-between job till I discovered one thing extra everlasting, however I take pleasure in what I’m doing in the meanwhile. My long-term objective is to modify to sprinkler becoming, because it’s an excellent union job with a pension and a better price of pay.

Riley is a social employee at an area faculty and they’re weighing the feasibility of ending a Masters of Social Work diploma that they accomplished most of between 2015-2019, earlier than dropping out as a result of onset and prognosis of systemic lupus. Riley’s had a few vital well being leaves from work since then, additionally because of lupus, and has been lucky to be coated by quick and long-term incapacity insurance coverage by their employer. This has resulted in solely small decreases to total earnings (though pension contributions have been paused or diminished since they have been based mostly on employment earnings and never insurance coverage advantages earnings). General Riley’s well being is comparatively secure now, however there are some challenges; not too long ago they needed to take a couple of weeks off because of Covid, which hit them more durable because of their immunosuppressed standing, however they appear to be making a gradual, full restoration.

Riley’s employer authorised an training plan wherein they are going to reimburse a portion of the schooling on completion of their MSW diploma. They’re awaiting last approval to switch trip time to have sufficient to make use of as an alternative of taking unpaid go away throughout faculty, so Riley’s earnings ought to keep on the similar degree.

Sam and Riley’s Hobbies

Riley enjoys cross-country snowboarding and we each love using our bikes and gardening. We attempt to get out tenting once we can in the summertime and luxuriate in seeing dwell music every now and then. We deal with our nephew, who simply turned 5, each weekend. We’ve got a canine named Bisky, who’s a Shepherd/Husky rescue canine from up North. He’s a handful however retains issues full of life round the home. He’ll be 3 this summer time. We even have two cats, Theodore and Greta. They’re nice singers and like to cuddle. They’re getting older, at ages 14 and 12.

The Marriage ceremony and The Home

Riley and I married in September 2021, in a considerably spur-of-the-moment choice to undergo with a small ceremony, as we had a window of lifted pandemic restrictions and fewer transmission. We gathered a couple of of our closest family and friends in a park close to a river and had a stunning (and inexpensive) marriage ceremony.

We purchased our home in June 2022 and are head over heels for it. It has nice character, a lot of unique wooden, and an enormous yard with lots of backyard beds. We are able to’t wait to boost a toddler collectively in our dwelling and hope to have a child quickly. We like having associates over for informal get-togethers on the weekend– brunch, bbq, bonfires, and so forth.–and it means lots to us that our house is so conducive to internet hosting.

What feels most urgent proper now? What brings you to submit a Case Examine?

Proper now there are such a lot of issues up within the air that we really feel a bit tousled and don’t know precisely the proper order wherein to do issues.

Riley writes: In 2022 we made a bigger mixed earnings than ever earlier than, and count on to make extra in 2023. We’re coming from durations of going out and in of debt as we struggled to handle bills on decrease incomes. Fortuitously, the debt by no means grew to become unmanageable and we have been capable of make the most of low-interest stability transfers to pay it off rapidly. We managed to begin saving starting in 2020-2021 when Sam shifted to plastering work and I elevated from 4 to five days per week of labor.

That helped us with the down fee and prices to purchase our dwelling, however we nonetheless mainly worn out our financial savings shopping for the home and went briefly into debt from shifting bills. Not the neatest transfer, however luckily we now have rapidly paid off these money owed and are slowly rebuilding our financial savings once more. Our automotive was totaled this fall, and it turned out to be a monetary alternative for us as we have been capable of take the insurance coverage cash from the automotive, repay our automotive mortgage, and purchase a decrease value automotive we may afford outright, whereas nonetheless having some cash leftover.

I believe that was a major shift in our considering as we made the troublesome option to downgrade our automotive for the sake of not having a automotive fee any extra.

It’s saving us a number of hundred {dollars} a month. We want to look forward now that we’ve reached the large milestone of shopping for a home, and set some larger saving, funding, and retirement objectives for the primary time in our lives. Clarifying our objectives will assist inspire us to maintain making frugal and good monetary selections.

Sam writes: I need to make a profession change however that can imply much less cash for a couple of years as I begin out as an apprentice once more. It should take about 2-3 years to make the identical earnings I’ve now, and about 4-5 years to achieve journeyperson standing and max out the earnings for the commerce. Will probably be value it in the long term, particularly to modify to a union job with an employer-matched pension.

Riley desires to finish their MSW which can imply extra scholar debt. Nevertheless, their work will reimburse a portion of the schooling upon completion of the MSW.

Beginning a Household

We need to have a toddler, which suggests parental leaves from work and diminished incomes (we need to take near a 12 months off). The Canadian authorities Employment Insurance coverage (EI) gives 15 weeks of go away for the mother or father giving beginning, and as much as 40 weeks of normal parental advantages that may be break up between each dad and mom (55% of earnings to a max of $650/week).

We’re taking a look at beginning IVF by the top of the summer time if we’re not pregnant by then; the medicine prices of $5,000-$6,000 could be coated at 80% by Sam’s medical health insurance; the opposite prices could be round $14k. There’s a provincial fertility tax credit score that will return 40% of the price to us; we are able to additionally declare medical bills on our federal taxes however it could reimburse a smaller quantity (the lesser of three% of internet earnings, or $2,479). We’ve got an unused line of credit score with $10,000 accessible to assist with the upfront prices.

Riley’s employer additionally tops up their earnings to 90% (together with the EI profit) for 17 weeks. If Riley turns into pregnant quickly, they’d be at school once they have the infant. The implications of which can be: the employer top-up could be diminished as a result of it could be 90% of the 80% earnings throughout faculty. The EI could also be much less relying on the timing; EI takes your finest paid 22 weeks from the final 12 months to find out the earnings the profit relies on. And we’d want some additional assist to permit Riley to complete this system with a new child, and it’s actually laborious to foretell how the postpartum interval will go. However we do have associates who dwell close by and household who would have the ability to assist lots. If Riley goes again to highschool, tuition will take a few of our financial savings that will in any other case go towards supplementing our earnings throughout parental leaves, and their earnings might be a bit much less throughout faculty so we might be saving much less throughout that point.

The frenzy to finish the MSW is as a result of beforehand accomplished credit are beginning to stale-date, and must be assessed for foreign money.

If Riley can full the diploma in 2023-24, only some programs must be re-assessed (and repeated if not discovered to be present). If extra time goes on, extra programs must be assessed. So, it feels just like the final likelihood to finish this diploma. If not, they may return to highschool to re-do it or do a unique grasp’s program someday sooner or later. The motivation is to have extra confidence in attempting new roles of their present job and to have extra job choices in the event that they need to make a job change sooner or later.

Retirement Plans

We need to retire as quickly as we are able to. Though realistically, we count on that received’t be tremendous early based mostly on the place we’re ranging from, however even age 55 or 60 could be good to goal for. We do our greatest to maintain our bills low and dwell a frugal life-style.

I suppose that is the place you are available. We’ve got so many concepts for ourselves however need assistance creating plans to execute them. We need to do all this stuff as quickly as doable to extend our incomes, pensions, and employment choices, whereas additionally having a toddler quickly as we’re each already 36 and feeling the strain on that entrance too.

Different short-medium time period bills are that our growing old cats may begin to have further prices, a automotive alternative (hopefully the Mazda can dangle in there one other 3-5 years) and dental surgical procedure for Riley (not pressing however within the subsequent 1-2 yrs, about $2,000-$3,000).

We not too long ago purchased a brand new bike for Riley and a second-hand trail-along bike for our nephew for a complete of $900. Riley’s been biking to work and we’ve been taking our nephew on bike rides each weekend.

What’s the most effective a part of your present life-style/routine?

We aren’t underneath any main pressures and we dwell a fairly relaxed life-style. We’ve fine-tuned our routines round cooking, chores, and attending to mattress on time. We love having fun with summertime outdoor in our yard gardening, chilling on the entrance porch, tenting, and biking across the metropolis visiting with family and friends. Numerous associates dwell in our neighborhood and it’s good and central within the metropolis, straightforward to stroll, bike, and bus to many locations. Plus, a number of automotive co-op (short-term rental) automobiles are positioned inside a ten minute stroll, which permits us to stay a one-car family.

Though we don’t have a lot financial savings or a transparent plan for the longer term but, it feels nice to not have an excessive amount of debt hanging over us and the flexibility to have a few of our spending align with our values, corresponding to buying our meat, eggs, a few of our veggies, and far of our grains/beans from native CSAs. Though rates of interest went up greater than anticipated after we purchased our dwelling, we have been capable of swap our variable price mortgage to a set price for peace of thoughts, and it nonetheless feels inexpensive for us. We are able to see ourselves residing right here for a very long time and that feels actually good.

What’s the worst a part of your present life-style/routine?

We really feel some nervousness once we need or have to extend purchases as a result of we don’t have the saving buffer we all know we want. We’d like to have the ability to journey a bit extra and go to family and friends in different elements of the nation. We’d wish to really feel much less monetary strain about purchases that enhance our high quality of life, corresponding to Riley getting acupuncture and taking some dietary supplements that help their well being, or sending Bisky to doggie daycare as soon as per week so we are able to have a barely much less hectic Saturday with our nephew.

Riley’s bus commute is just not supreme on the coldest winter days however since it’s only twice per week it’s tolerable. Riley’s job may be unpredictable and demanding at occasions. Sam doesn’t have trip time however will get trip pay added to every pay cheque, nevertheless it finally ends up getting handled as common earnings and so he hardly ever takes “trip” time. It might be good to take per week or two off collectively a pair occasions a 12 months.

The place Sam and Riley Need to be in Ten Years:

1) Funds:

• We’d wish to have sizable, snug financial savings accessible for home repairs/upgrades, emergencies, automotive repairs/alternative, pet emergencies, and so forth.
• We’d wish to improve our kitchen and possibly improve our out of doors gear, corresponding to our cross-country skis and bikes.
• We don’t need to be burdened about anticipated or surprising prices.
• We’d wish to have a clearer concept of our goal age for retirement and be setting apart more money to permit us to retire probably forward of receiving our CPP, OAS, and employer pensions at age 65.

2)    Way of life:

• Normally, not too completely different from now.
• Hopefully, we can have a toddler who we might be taking to festivals and tenting in the summertime, and doing out of doors actions like skating and cross-country snowboarding within the winter.
• We’d wish to journey outdoors our province each 1-2 years to go to family and friends.

3)    Profession:

• Sam must be well-established in a unionized commerce job as a journeyperson. This is able to imply having trip time and pretty common hours, in addition to growing his earnings by $30k or extra yearly vs. his present earnings.
• Riley could also be content material to remain of their present place as they benefit from the work/office total, the pay is first rate, and there may be nonetheless about $14k left of development on their wage band. Nevertheless, they could want to transfer into extra coverage/administrative work or different kinds of management work of their subject.

Sam and Riley’s Funds

Revenue

Mortgage Particulars

Money owed

Property

Autos

Bills

Credit score Playing cards

Anticipated Social Safety & Pensions

Sam and Riley’s Questions for You:

1. 

   Is it financially doable and prudent for Riley to return to finish their MSW this fall, even whereas we are attempting for a child?

2. When is the most effective time for Sam to drag the set off on switching careers?
   • Ought to we wait till after having a child/ending parental leaves to maintain his earnings secure till then? What if we aren’t capable of have a child or it takes some time to conceive?
   • We’re longing for Sam to modify so he can get to the elevated pay that might be just some years away, and to be paying right into a pension sooner. However, we’re additionally nervous concerning the momentary earnings lower.
3. The place can we begin to get on observe with getting a clearer image of our retirement potentialities and beginning to work towards them?
   • We haven’t made intentional efforts on this space but since we’ve been targeted on saving for the home and paying off debt.
   • Ought to we repay the power mortgage (our solely debt with curiosity proper now) or preserve making minimal funds to maintain more money accessible till we determine faculty/child/Sam’s profession change?
   • Ought to we preserve saving to our emergency financial savings account till we now have a 3-6 month expense quantity? Then what? Ought to Riley begin making the elective further 2% contribution to their employer pension – or ought to that additionally wait till after child/faculty/Sam’s job?
4. We all know we are able to pull in our spending a bit extra, the place would you recommend we attempt to focus our efforts on that entrance?

Liz Frugalwoods’ Suggestions

I commend Sam and Riley for pulling all of this info collectively and taking a pause to iron out their subsequent steps. I believe it’s noteworthy they’re doing such a in-depth monetary–and life–evaluation on the precipice of so many potential life modifications. Very properly achieved! Alrighty, let’s soar proper in.

Sam’s Query #1: Is it financially doable and prudent for Riley to return to finish their MSW this fall, even whereas we are attempting for a child?

I’m of a number of minds about this, however what retains popping to the forefront for me is that in the event that they actually need to have a child, they need to simply begin attempting. Fertility doesn’t precisely enhance with age–nor does one’s power for parenthood–and I’m at all times hesitant to recommend that somebody of their late 30’s delay beginning to strive. Plus, I don’t assume there’s ever a ‘good’ time to have a child. There are actually much less optimum moments, however Sam and Riley are in a secure monetary place, have a loving marriage and, most significantly, a powerful want to develop into dad and mom. What extra may an toddler need?

→My actual questions right here focus on Riley finishing their MSW:

1) Is there a direct, measurable, identified wage enhance/superior job place/new profession choice that’ll develop into accessible as soon as Riley has an MSW?

It wasn’t clear to me if that is so. If it’s not the case, why do the MSW? I’m the proud proprietor of a grasp’s diploma that I’ve by no means as soon as used or wanted and I want I’d achieved this meticulous calculation earlier than the blood, sweat and tears (LOTS of tears) of going to grad faculty whereas working full-time. When you don’t have to do that, why do that to your self? When you’re not going to see an instantaneous and immediately correlated wage enhance, why do it?

However, if there’s a measurable distinction, go for it! It appears like Riley’s accomplished credit will expire in the event that they don’t end the diploma quickly, so it looks like it could take advantage of sense to complete it now. I’ll say that going to grad faculty whereas parenting an toddler AND working doesn’t sound tenable (a minimum of, to not me), so I warning in opposition to assuming that’ll work. If, nonetheless, Riley can full their MSW earlier than a child is born, that will undoubtedly be a mark in favor of getting began ASAP.

2) How a lot is the monetary burden?

Sam wrote that Riley’s employer would reimburse a portion of tuition after the MSW is finished and that Riley’s earnings would stay the identical throughout faculty. In gentle of that, I’m curious what the precise whole value for the rest of the diploma might be? They’ve the monetary flexibility to pay for this diploma–relying on how a lot it’ll value.

Sam’s Query #2: When is the most effective time for Sam to drag the set off on switching careers?

Since there’s a direct pathway to an elevated earnings and extra secure profession path, it looks like Sam ought to get began on this transition instantly. Whereas it’s not supreme to make a bunch of modifications without delay, it’s additionally true that there’s no time like the current. Since it is a years-long course of, delaying it for an “simpler” time doesn’t appear doable. It’s not going to be simpler when you have got an toddler. It’s not going to be simpler when you have got a toddler. It’s not going to get simpler at any near-term future level, so may as properly dive in now.

To the query on the potential for diminished earnings, the excellent news is that Sam and Riley can handle this by decreasing their bills. Let’s discover how they could make that occur!

Sam’s Query #4: We all know we are able to pull in our spending a bit extra, the place would you recommend we attempt to focus our efforts on that entrance?

Anytime an individual desires to spend much less, I encourage them to outline all of their bills as Mounted, Reduceable or Discretionary:

• Mounted bills are belongings you can not change. Examples: your mortgage and debt funds.
• Reduceable bills are essential for human survival, however you management how a lot you spend on them. Examples: groceries and gasoline for the automobiles.
• Discretionary bills are issues that may be eradicated totally. Examples: journey, haircuts, consuming out.

Sam & Riley’s present annual take-home pay: $88,870

– Their present annual bills: $73,872

= $14,998

It is a nice financial savings price and it’s allowed them to construct their emergency fund again up after shopping for a home. Nevertheless, if Sam’s earnings diminished by greater than that distinction, they’ll want to cut back their bills. The excellent news is that they’ve lots of discretionary line objects, which suggests they’ve lots of flexibility in the place/how they make up the distinction.

To be clear, I’m not advocating for this price range or implying that they SHOULD make all of those reductions. Moderately, it’s an illumination of the room they’ve to cut back their spending if they have to with the intention to allow Sam to alter careers, to take parental go away and/or to pay for Riley’s MSW. The purpose of this train is for instance how a lot flexibility they’ve of their month-to-month spending, which is an efficient factor! The place and what they determine to cut back/get rid of is totally as much as them. This spreadsheet will get them began on figuring out the place they’ll lower.

Once they have Sam’s new wage in hand in addition to Riley’s MSW prices and any potential IVF charges, they’ll comb by their bills and determine what they’d wish to get rid of or scale back.

Don’t Take On Extra Debt

One factor I warning Sam and Riley in opposition to is taking up debt to cowl any of those upcoming prices. It appears this will likely have been a behavior prior to now and it’s a simple one to fall again into. Nevertheless it’s not sustainable, secure or clever. Riley talked about utilizing a line of credit score for his or her IVF prices and, whereas I don’t know the parameters or rate of interest related to that, I as an alternative encourage them to cut back their spending with the intention to pay money for what they want. This brings me to my subsequent suggestion to:

Pay Off The Power Mortgage for Central Air

This mortgage is simply $3,828.05, nevertheless it has an rate of interest of seven.7%!!! If Riley and Sam diminished their spending per the above for simply 2.5 months, they’d save up sufficient money to pay this off in full! Simply do it.

Since Riley’s scholar loans in addition to Sam’s RRSP mortgage are at mounted, everlasting 0% rates of interest, there’s no motive to pay these off forward of schedule. However, it completely is smart to dispense with the power mortgage as quickly as doable.

Sam’s Query #3: The place can we begin to get on observe with getting a clearer image of our retirement potentialities and beginning to work towards them?

1) Fill the Emergency Fund First: $16,552

Sam is spot on that they need to first replenish their emergency fund to a full three to 6 months value of their spending. Between their three money/checking accounts, they have already got $16,552 saved up, which is great! At their present spending price of $6,156 per 30 days, they need to goal an emergency fund of $18,468 to $36,936. Nevertheless, in the event that they determine to cut back their spending, they’ll commensurately scale back their emergency fund whole.

2) Then Save Extra Money

Whereas Sam is appropriate that they need to start to avoid wasting and make investments extra for retirement, they’re at a real juncture proper now with many potential modifications on the horizon. And one factor that makes modifications simpler? Having a money cushion. Sam and Riley are probably dealing with:

1. Prices for conceiving a toddler
2. Prices related to being pregnant/beginning/an toddler (they’re notoriously unreliable and costly)
3. Prices for Riley’s MSW
4. Diminished earnings for Sam whereas he alters careers

That’s lots of balls–monetary and in any other case–to have within the air without delay! If it have been me, I might begin spending lots much less each month and stash that cash in a high-yield financial savings account. That approach, I’d have the ability to cope with any and all the above bills.

3) Subsequent, Save for Retirement

As soon as these 4 variables settle out and Sam and Riley have a strong grasp on their new bills and life with their child, they’ll flip their consideration to growing their retirement investments.

I encourage them to not wait too lengthy for this since they’ll need to reap the advantages of remaining invested available in the market for a lot of a long time earlier than they should withdraw the cash to dwell on in retirement.

Abstract of Suggestions:

1. Decide the monetary foundation for Riley finishing their MSW:
   1. Whether it is certainly going to result in new profession alternatives–and a better wage–go for it and don’t delay so that you simply don’t lose any of your current credit score hours.
   2. If Riley’s profession and wage will stay the identical, think about very fastidiously if it’s well worth the time, stress and expense.

2. 

   If you wish to be dad and mom, get began instantly:

   1. Fertility is just not a type of issues that improves with age.
3. Have Sam look into beginning his profession transition coaching now:
   1. No time like the current, particularly if you’re keen to…
4. Cut back Bills and Save The Money:
   1. You’ve gotten lots of discretionary and reduceable spending classes, which suggests you have got lots of choices for decreasing your month-to-month bills.
   2. Trimming right here and there’ll allow you to simply dwell on a diminished earnings, replenish your emergency fund and have the money to pay for different main bills, corresponding to IVF.
   3. And keep in mind: you don’t must get rid of/scale back these bills eternally. Only for now as you navigate this transition interval.
5. Repay the Power Mortgage:
   1. You could possibly have this paid off in underneath 3 months should you scale back your spending per the above suggestions.
6. Don’t Tackle Extra Debt:
   1. You’re SO CLOSE to being debt-free (aside from the 0% scholar & RRSP loans and your mortgage). Don’t let your self slip again right into a debt/payoff/debt cycle once more. Save up the cash to pay money for IVF and no matter else you may want.
7. Make investments Extra For Retirement:
   1. As soon as issues have settled down when it comes to changing into dad and mom, Riley’s MSW and Sam’s profession change, begin saving and investing extra for retirement.
   2. Hold your more money in money for now as you navigate all of those modifications.
8. Hold us Posted!
   1. Amongst different issues, we demand child photos.

Okay Frugalwoods nation, what recommendation do you have got for Sam and Riley? We’ll all reply to feedback, so please be at liberty to ask questions!

Would you want your personal Case Examine to look right here on Frugalwoods? Apply to be an on-the-blog Case Examine topic right here. Rent me for a non-public monetary session right here. Schedule an hourlong or 30-minute name with me, refer a buddy to me right here, schedule a free 15-minute name to be taught extra or e-mail me with questions (liz@frugalwoods.com).